情态动词的用法归纳
k6T高三网
基本特征:有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和动词原形构成谓语 无人称和数的变化 后接动词原形 类型: 只作情态动词的 既可做情态动词,又可做实义动词的can,may,must,could,might 既可做情态动词,又可做助动词need 具有情态动词的某些特征have...k6T高三网
k6T高三网
情态动词的用法归纳
情态动词本身有一定的词义,表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。
k6T高三网
英语情态动词主要用法
情态动词虽然数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) mustk6T高三网
情态动词will与would的用法归纳k6T高三网
1. 表示意愿k6T高三网
will 表示现在的意愿,would表示过去的意愿。如:k6T高三网
I will bring it tomorrow. 我明天会把它带来。k6T高三网
We will not go there again. 我们不会再去那里。k6T高三网
He asked if I would go to the cinema with him. 他问我是否愿同他一起去看电影。k6T高三网
If you will allow me, I will see you home. 如果你同意,我可以送你回家。k6T高三网
If you will come, we will be glad. 假如你能来的话,我们就会很高兴。k6T高三网
2. 表示征求意见或提出请求k6T高三网
will和would均可用,主要用于第二人称的疑问句中,would此时并不表过去,而表示委婉语气。如:k6T高三网
Will / would you please tell me the way to the post office? 请告诉去邮局的路好吗?k6T高三网
Will / Won’t you have some tea? 你喝点茶,好吗?k6T高三网
You wouldn’t have the time to phone him, would you? 你现在没有那么多时间给他打电话是吧?k6T高三网
would有时与like, love, hate, prefer, be glad, be happy等连用,用于提出建议或邀请。如:k6T高三网
Would you like some cake or biscuit? 你要吃点蛋糕还是饼干?k6T高三网
I’d like / love a coffee. 我倒想喝杯咖啡。k6T高三网
I would hate you to think I was criticizing you. 我可不愿意让你觉得我是在批评你。k6T高三网
3. 表示习惯和倾向性k6T高三网
will表示现在,would表示过去。如:k6T高三网
A bear will not touch a dead body. 熊通常不碰死尸。k6T高三网
Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。k6T高三网
This door won’t open. 这扇门打不开。k6T高三网
He will sit for hours without saying a word. 他经常一坐数小时而不发一言。k6T高三网
She would lose the key! 她总是把钥匙弄丢了。k6T高三网
When he was a child, he would often go skiing. 他小时候经常去滑雪。k6T高三网
He told me the box wouldn’t open. 他告诉我箱子打不开了。k6T高三网
4. 表示推测k6T高三网
will用于推测现在,would用于推测过去,也可用于推测现在,语气较委婉。如:k6T高三网
This bus will hold 40 people. 这辆大客车可以坐40人。k6T高三网
The teacher will be over fifty. 老师的年龄大概过五十了吧?k6T高三网
That would be in 1978, I think. 我看这事发生在1978年。k6T高三网
That would be her father. 这大概是他妈。k6T高三网
有时will / would+完成式,表示对过去可能已经发生的情况的推测。如:k6T高三网
He will have heard the news. 他已经听到那消息了吧。k6T高三网
I thought you would have finished it by now. 我想你现在可能已经做完了吧。k6T高三网
6. 表示执意或决心k6T高三网
will表示现在,would表示过去。如:k6T高三网
He will have his own way. 他坚持要一意孤行。k6T高三网
I won't have you say such things. 我可不许你说这样的话。k6T高三网
He would do it, though I told him not to. 虽然我叫他不要做,可是他偏要做。k6T高三网
7. 表示命令、许诺、指示、叮嘱等k6T高三网
You will carry out these instructions and report back this afternoon. 你要执行这些指示并在今天下午报告执行情况。k6T高三网
Will you be quiet! 安静点儿!k6T高三网
You will have your share. 你会得到你那一份的。k6T高三网
8. would用于评论某一特定的行为k6T高三网
That’s just what he would say. 他就是爱说这种话。k6T高三网
It would rain on the day we choose for a picnic! 我们哪天去野餐,哪天就准下雨!k6T高三网
9.would表示过去反复发生的动作k6T高三网
Now and then he would come to see me. 他时不时来看我。k6T高三网
We would play catch here. 我们以前常在这儿玩捉球游戏。k6T高三网
10. would用于虚拟条件句k6T高三网
If I had money, I would go abroad. 假如我有钱我定会到国外去。k6T高三网
If he had been there, he would have helped you. 假如他那时在场,他定会帮助你的。k6T高三网
may与might用法要点完全归纳:k6T高三网
1. 表示允许k6T高三网
(1) 表示请求允许(即请求别人允许自己做某事),两者都可用,只是 might 表示的语气较委婉(但并不表示过去)。如:k6T高三网
May I come round in the morning? 我早上来行吗?k6T高三网
I wonder if I might use your phone. 不知可否用一下你的电话。k6T高三网
I’d like to ask a question if I may. 如果可以的话,我想提个问题。k6T高三网
(2) 表示给予允许(即自己允许别人做某事),只用能 may而不能用might。如:k6T高三网
You may stop now. 你现在可以停下来了。k6T高三网
You may leave when you’ve finished. 你做完以后就可以走。k6T高三网
You may not tell him this. 你不可以告诉他这件事。k6T高三网
体会以下对话的问句与答句:k6T高三网
A:May [Might] I stay? 我可以留下吗?(表请求,可用两者)k6T高三网
B:Yes, you may. 可以。(表允许,不能用 might)k6T高三网
注意,might 表示允许通常不表示过去,但是在间接引语(即宾语从句)中可以用作 may 的过去式来转述已给予的允许。如:k6T高三网
She said that he might take her dictionary. 她说他可以拿她的词典去用。k6T高三网
2. 表示推测k6T高三网
两者都可用,只是 might 比 may 语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小(注意此时的might并不表过去)。在句型使用方面:may通常用于肯定句或否定陈述句,一般不用于疑问句(疑问句中用 can, 参见 can),而might 则可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句。在用法方面注意以下几点:k6T高三网
(1) 后接动词原形,表示对现在或将来的推测。如:k6T高三网
He may [might] be in his office now. 他现在说不定在办公室里。k6T高三网
Might he know the answer? 他可能知道答案吗?k6T高三网
(2) 后接动词进行式,表示动作正在进行或将要发生。如:k6T高三网
They may [might] be going abroad next month. 他们可能在下个月出国。k6T高三网
Might he be waiting for us at the station? 他会不会在车站等我们?k6T高三网
(3) 后接动词完成式,表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测。如:k6T高三网
He may [might] have gone to have his hair cut. 他可能理发去了。k6T高三网
She may [might] have read it in the papers. 她可能在报上已读到过此事。k6T高三网
注意,若不是单纯地对过去可能发生的事进行推测,而是表示以下用法,则只能用“might+完成式”,而不能用“may+完成式”:k6T高三网
①表示过去本来可能发生而实际上没有发生的情况,通常译为“本来可以”“本来可能”等。如:k6T高三网
She felt horror at the thought of what might have happened. 一想到之前可能会发生的事情她就感到害怕。k6T高三网
You were stupid to try climbing up there. You might have killed yourself. 你从那儿往上爬,太蠢了,你可能会摔死的。k6T高三网
②表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事的,但实际上却没有做成,含有批评和责备的意味,通常译为“本来应该”“本来可以”等。如:k6T高三网
You might have told us half an hour ago. 你半个钟头前告诉我就好了。k6T高三网
You might have taken the trouble to tell me the meeting was put off. 你本来可以费心告诉我一声会议推迟了的。k6T高三网
③用于虚拟条件句中谈论过去的情况时:k6T高三网
If you hadn’t reminded me, I might have forgotten. 你如不提醒我,我可能就忘记了。k6T高三网
If we had taken the other road we might have arrived earlier. 如果我们当时走了另一条路,就可能到得早一些。k6T高三网
3. 用于 may [might] (just) as wellk6T高三网
意为“不妨”“还是……为好”等,用 might 比用 may 语气更委婉。如:k6T高三网
We may [might] (just) walk there. 我们不妨步行去。k6T高三网
There’s nothing to do, so I may [might] as well go to bed. 既然没什么事可做,我还是去睡觉为好。k6T高三网
might as well有时还可用于指过去的情况或用于比较两个令人不愉快的情况。如:k6T高三网
Now that they were all there she might as well speak her mind. 由于大家都在,她不妨把自己的想法都说出来。k6T高三网
This holiday isn’t much fun; we might as well be back home. 这个假日过得真没意思,我们还不如呆在家里。k6T高三网
4. 正式场合或书面语中,may 可用来表示祝愿k6T高三网
May you be happy! 祝你幸福!k6T高三网
May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你!k6T高三网
情态动词ought to的用法归纳:k6T高三网
1. 表示义务或责任k6T高三网
表示义务或责任,意为“应该”:k6T高三网
You ought to work harder. 你应该更努力工作。k6T高三网
Teachers ought to be honored. 教师应当受到尊敬。k6T高三网
Every citizen ought to obey law. 每个公民都应守法。k6T高三网
2. 表示建议或劝告k6T高三网
2. 表示建议或劝告,意为“应该”:k6T高三网
There ought to be more buses during the rush hour. 高峰期间应公共汽车该多发几辆。k6T高三网
You ought to see her new film. 你应该看看她新拍的电影。k6T高三网
We oughtn’t to take risks. 我们不宜于冒险。k6T高三网
3. 表示推断k6T高三网
3. 表示推断,意为“应该”、“可能”:k6T高三网
(1) ought to + 动词原形,表示对现在或将来情况的推测。如:k6T高三网
Prices ought to come down soon. 价格可能会很快下跌。k6T高三网
If he started at nine, he ought to be here by now. 要是他九点钟出发,现在该到了。k6T高三网
That ought to be enough food for all of us. 那些该够我们大家吃的了。k6T高三网
(2) ought to +进行式,表示对正在发生的情况的推测。如:k6T高三网
You oughtn’t to be talking so much. 你不该讲这么多话。k6T高三网
You ought not to be sitting here. It’s for old man only. 你不该坐在这儿,这是老人专座。k6T高三网
You ought to be wearing your shirt. 你该穿衬衫。k6T高三网
(3) ought to +完成式,表示对过去情况的推测;也可表示过去本该发生而实际上未发生的情况:k6T高三网
The table-tennis game ought to / should have finished by now. 乒乓球比赛现在应该已经结束了。k6T高三网
There are many books which I ought to have read, and still ought to read. 有许多书我过去就应该看的,现在还应该看。k6T高三网
I ought to have helped her,but I never could. 我本该帮助她的,却从未能这样做。k6T高三网
You ought to have come earlier. 你本该来得早一点儿。k6T高三网
She ought to have been a teacher. 她本该当教师。k6T高三网
4. ought to用于否定句和疑问句k6T高三网
在否定式中用ought not 或oughtn’t,在疑问中将ought提到主语之前。如:k6T高三网
They ought to go now, oughtn’t they? 他们现在该走了,是吗?k6T高三网
Ought we (to) be in Taipei by now? 他们现在大概已经到北京了吧?k6T高三网
—Ought I to go? 我该去吗?k6T高三网
—Yes, you ought (to). 对,你该去。k6T高三网
5. ought to与 should的用法区别k6T高三网
一般说来,二者可替换,只是ought to语气稍重些。如:k6T高三网
He ought to / should have arrived long ago. 他早就该到了。k6T高三网
You should / ought to have come yesterday. 你应该昨天来的。k6T高三网
(1) 表示因责任、义务等或表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况该做的事时,常用ought to; should则含有个人意见,强调主观看法。如:k6T高三网
You are his parents. You ought to take care of him. 你们是他的父母,应当管他。k6T高三网
They oughtn’t to let their dog run on the road. 他们不该把狗放出来满街跑。k6T高三网
Such things ought not to be allowed. 这类事不该允许。k6T高三网
(2) 在公告、须知或条例中,出于礼貌,常用should:k6T高三网
You should not run alongside the swimming-pool. 不准在游泳池边奔跑。k6T高三网
情态动词must用法归纳:k6T高三网
1. 表示“必须”“一定要”,用法注意:k6T高三网
(1) 可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句;用于否定句时,mustn’t 意为“一定不要”“(可)不能”。如:k6T高三网
You must phone him this evening. 今天晚上你必须给他打电话。k6T高三网
You mustn’t phone him this evening. 今天晚上你可不能给他打电话。k6T高三网
Must I phone him this evening? 我今天晚上必须给他打电话吗?k6T高三网
注意,回答must引起的一般疑问句,如果要作否定回答,一般是用 needn’t(不能用 mustn’t)。如:k6T高三网
A:Must I go there today? 我必须今天去吗?k6T高三网
B:Yes, you must. 是的,你必须今天去。k6T高三网
B:No, you needn’t. 不,你不必今天去。k6T高三网
(2) 含有 must 的陈述句,其反意问句有两种可能:若must表示“必须”,反意问句用 mustn’t;若 must 表示“有必要”,反意问句用 needn’t,但是由于在没有上下文的情况下,很难分清must是表示“必须”还是表示“有必要”,所以有时两者都可用。如:k6T高三网
You must go there at once, needn’t [mustn’t] you? 你必须(有必要)马上去那儿,不是吗?k6T高三网
2. 表示推测,意为“准是”“一定是”,注意以下用法:k6T高三网
(1) 对现在情况作推测,后接动词原形;对现在正在进行的情况作推测,后接动词进行式;对一直在进行的情况作推测,后接动词完成进行式;对过去已发生的情况作推测,后接动词完成式。如:k6T高三网
The man must have a lot of money. 这个人一定有不少钱。k6T高三网
He must be writing a letter to his girl friend. 他一定在给他女朋友写信。k6T高三网
Someone must have been smoking here. 一定有人一直在这里抽烟。k6T高三网
I must have read that in some book. 我一定是在某一本书上读过这个的。k6T高三网
比较以下各句:k6T高三网
He must be rich.(现在)他一定很有钱。k6T高三网
He must have been rich.(当时)他一定很有钱。k6T高三网
He must know the result.(现在)他一定知道结果。k6T高三网
He must have known the result.(当时)他一定知道结果。k6T高三网
He must be waiting for us. 他一定在等我们。k6T高三网
He must have been waiting for us. 他一定一直在等我们。k6T高三网
must 表示对现在情况的推测后接动词原形时,该动词通常为状态动词(如be, have, know 等),若为动作动词,通常要转换其他说法。如:k6T高三网
He is sure to succeed意思是“我肯定他会成功”。k6T高三网
他肯定会把他的女朋友带来。k6T高三网
正:He is sure to bring his girlfriend.k6T高三网
误:He must bring his girlfriend.k6T高三网
此误句若视为正句,则表示:他必须把女朋友带来。k6T高三网
(2) 表示推测的 must 通常只用于肯定句,在否定句或疑问句中要用 can 代之。如:k6T高三网
If this is true, that must be false. 如果这个是真的,那个必然是假的。k6T高三网
She can’t be your daughter. 她不可能是你女儿。k6T高三网
If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?k6T高三网
(3) 表示推测用于反意疑问句时要注意,反意问句的助动词不能用must,而要根据其后动词的形式来决定。如:k6T高三网
He must be mad, isn’t he? 他一定是疯了,不是吗?k6T高三网
He must have gone home, hasn’t [didn’t] he? 他准是回家去了,是吗?k6T高三网
He must have left here yesterday, didn’t he? 他一定在昨天就离开这儿了,不是吗?k6T高三网
当“must+have+过去分词”不连用具体的过去时间状语时,反意问句通常用完成式,有时也用过去时;但是若连用了具体的时间状语,通常只用过去时。k6T高三网
3. 有时表示巧合,说明某事发生得不早不迟,就在某个当紧的时候,多指某些不受欢迎的事情的发生,在汉语中通常译为“偏偏”。如:k6T高三网
Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chatter. 正当我忙碌的时候,邻居偏偏过来聊天。k6T高三网
John must choose the day I had company coming, to start painting the bathroom. 约翰偏偏选择我有客人来这天油漆浴室。k6T高三网
有时表示主观上的偏执或固执,常可译为“偏”“偏要”。如:k6T高三网
Why must she be so nasty to me? 为什么她偏对我这样恶劣?k6T高三网
After I gave her my advice,she must go and do the opposite. 在我给她出主意之后她偏要反着干。k6T高三网
有时可译为“非要”“非得”“硬是”“硬要”等。如:k6T高三网
Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出这么大的声音吗?k6T高三网
情态动词高考考点有哪些
初中英语情态动词的用法归纳
情态动词的用法要点 一.can和could 情态动词|用法|例句| can/could|表示能力|1.“I don’t think Mike can type.” |“Yes, he can.”|2.I can speak fluent English now , but I couldn’t last year.| 在肯定句中,表示客观可能性,并不更多...k6T高三网
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情态动词的用法归纳 高中英语语法